Birds Eye View of Philadelphia 1875 Size:24x18 smoke rising from Spanish hulls

smoke rising from Spanish hulls in the harbor where an old empire surrendered the Pacific before breakfast

Navy's survey for an isthmian canal route through the Panamanian jungle

four centuries after Columbus

his shoulder straps speaking the language of a republic that promoted its politicians into uniform

Birds Eye View of Philadelphia 1875 Size:24x18 smoke rising from Spanish hullsBirds Eye View of Philadelphia 1875 surveys the Quaker City a year before the Centennial, its grid of row houses and church spires drawn from an imagined altitude where the Delaware bends and Fairmount sprawls a lithographer's claim that the republic's first capital had grown into something worth measuring from above. About the Source Bella Frye sources artifacts from the great American historical archive the Library of Congress, the National